The electroencephalogram (EEG) of two normal cats was averaged with R-wave peaks on their electrocardiogram (ECG) as
triggers, and thereafter analysed. EEG was recorded from two pairs of supradural electrodes over the fronto-parietal and
the occipital cortical regions. We discovered three types of EEG responses related to the heartbeat. The first type was
an electric artifact caused by direct electric current flow from the heart. The second type looked like slow waves with
the heartbeat rhythm which most likely reflected mechanical displacements associated with blood pulsation. These two
types of waves were observed irregularly, both in sleep and in wakefulness, and could be seen in leads from both
explored cortical regions. The third type of waves looked like typical cortical evoked responses with a delay of about
80 ms after the R-wave peak on the ECG. It was found mostly above the front-parietal cortex region and in slow wave
sleep only, not in wakefulness. This study gives another support to our hypothesis, which suggests that the cerebral
cortex switches to the visceral analysis during sleep.
Key words:
heart, sleep, wakefulness, EEG, ECG, visceral systems, electrophysiology, visceral theory of sleep
DOI: 10.1134/S0235009219010086
Cite:
Lavrova V. D., Busygina I. I., Pigarev I. N.
Otrazhenie aktivnosti serdtsa v elektroentsefalogramme koshek v periody medlennogo sna
[Heartbeat-evoked responses on eeg in slow wave sleep in cats].
Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems].
2019.
V. 33(1).
P. 70-76 (in Russian). doi: 10.1134/S0235009219010086
References:
- Musyashchikova S.S., Chernigovskii V.N. Kortikal’noe i subkortikal’noe predstavitel’stvo vistseral’nykh sistem [Cortical and subcortical representation sites of visceral systems.] Leningrad, Nauka publ., 1973. 288 p. (in Russian).
- Pigarev I.N. Vistseral’naya teoriya sna [The visceral theory of sleep] Zhurnal Vysshii Nervnoi Deiatelnosti Im. I.P. Pavlova [I.P. Pavlov’s Journal of Higher Neurous Activity]. 2013. V. 63 № 1. P. 86–104 (in Russian).
- Pigarev I.N., Bibikov N.G., Busygina I.I. Izmeneniya vnutrizheludochnoi sredy vo vremya sna vliyayut na statisticheskie kharakteristiki neironnoi aktivnosti kory mozga [Changes in the gastric milieu during sleep affect the statistical characteristics of neural activity of the cerebral cortex] Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal im. I.M. Sechenova [I.M. Sechenov’s Russian Journal of Physiology] 2014. V. 100. № 6. P. 722–735 [in Russia].
- Chernigovskii V.N. Interoretseptory [The interoreceptors] Moscow, Medgiz publ., 1960. 659 p.
- Noda H., Freeman R.B., Gies B., Creutzfeldt O.D. Neural responses in the visual cortex of awake cats to stationary and moving targets. Experimental brain research. 1971. V. 12. P. 389–405.
- Pigarev I.N. Almirall H., Marimon J., Pigareva M.L. Dynamic pattern of the viscero-cortical projections during sleep. Study in New Zealand rabbits. Journal of Sleep Research. 2004. V. 13. Suppl. 1. P. 574.
- Pigarev I.N. Neurons of visual cortex respond to visceral stimulation during slow wave sleep. Neuroscience. 1994. V. 62. № 4. P. 1237–1243.
- Pigarev I.N., Almirall H., Pigareva M.L. Cortical evoked responses to magnetic stimulation of macaque’s abdominal wall in sleep-wake cycle. Acta Neurobiol Exp. 2008. V. 68. P. 91–96.
- Pigarev I.N., Bagaev V.A., Levichkina E.V., Fedorov G.O., Busigina I.I. Cortical visual areas process intestinal information during slow-wave sleep. Neurogastroenterology and motility. 2013. V. 25. P. 268–275.
- Pigarev I.N., Saalmann Y.B., Vidyasagar T.R. A minimally invasive and reversible system for chronic recordings from multiple brain sites in macaque monkeys. Journal of neuroscience methods. 2009. V. 181. № 2. P. 151–158.
- Zimmermann M. Ethical Principles for maintenance and use of animals in neuroscience research. Neuroscience Letters. 1987. V. 73. P. 1.
