Volume 29 #4

Contents

1. Molecular physiology of vision: half-century of study
2. Optogenetics and vision
3. Specifics of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of excitation and adaptation in retinal cones
4. A model of orientation recognition mechanisms for the 3-bar two-grade optotypes
5. Structural and functional basis of ambivalent (aerial-aquatic) vision in aquatic mammals
6. Individual optimization of functional treatment in the cases of impaired binocular vision
7. Changes of the choroid of different age groups of Japanese quails Coturnix japonica depending on the spectrum composition of illumination

The paper presents comparative analysis of the results obtained in the course of functional treatment aimed at development of binocular fusion and accommodation in subjects with impaired binocular vision and refractive anomalies. The subjects include patients with convergent strabismus accompanied by hypermetropia and divergent strabismus accompanied by myopia. The effect of training was assessed calculating the difference in the values of binocular visual acuity and accommodation measured before and after the treatment. The measurements were performed at three observation distances: 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 m. In a majority of subjects, the greatest improvement of visual acuity as a result of training was revealed for the distance 1.0 m independently of the type of strabismus and refractive anomaly, however, individual results varied significantly. The average increase in binocular accommodation volume was approximately the same for all distances but the extreme individual values differed more than twice. To obtain progress, each subject was given individual optical correction changing systematically during the course of training. In particular, at the beginning of treatment, in binocular viewing conditions, the subjects usually needed hypercorrection of refraction, the power of the optimal lens being 3–4 D larger than the optimal power for monocular conditions. The revealed dependence of the positive effect on conditions of training and on individual characteristics of the subjects’ vision allow some general and particular recommendations concerning optimization of treatment procedures.

Key words: binocular vision, fusion, accommodation, visual acuity, functional correction, individual variability

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