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Volume 36 #1

Contents

  1. An overview of the visual acuity assessment. 2. Theoretical and clinical requirements to the optotypes and chart designs
  2. Assessment of peripheral visual acuity in various conditions of testing
  3. The expression and function of components of signaling cascades of taste, olfactory, and phototransduction in mammalian pancreas beta-cells
  4. Recognition of projectively transformed planar figures. XVI The octet of projectively stable vertices of the oval and new methods for its reference description using the octet
  5. Heteroscedasticity correction to improve tomographic reconstruction with an algebraic approach

An overview of the visual acuity assessment. 2. Theoretical and clinical requirements to the optotypes and chart designs

© 2022 G. I. Rozhkovaa, M. A. Grachevaa, A. A. Kazakovaa,b

aInstitute for Information Transmission Problems RAS, 127051 Moscow, B. Karetny, 19/1, Russia
bPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Ostrovityanova st., 1, Russia

Received 17 Jul 2021

This paper presents analysis and discussion of the test images employed for the visual acuity (VA) assessment – the optotypes – and their distributions in the test charts. After brief description of the optotype early history and evolution, an attempt has been made to classify the existing optotypes and to analyze directions of their development. The following kinds of the optotypes are considered: letters, uniform configurations, periodic patterns, vanishing images, pictures, and embedded test stimuli. General theoretical and practical requirements to the optotypes are formulated. Specific advantages and disadvantages of certain popular optotypes are discussed in detail. The last section is devoted to the evolution of the charts for the VA assessment and their designs. A general conclusion is that there are no universal “golden standards” for the optotypes and the VA charts: their optimal structure depends on the purpose of investigation, characteristics of the contingent to be examined, and qualification of the examiners. In any case, the examiners have to understand advantages and disadvantages of the chosen tests and take them into account both in planning the procedure and interpretation of the results obtained.

Key words: variety of optotypes, optotype classification, improvement of optotypes, variety of visual acuity charts, visual acuity chart design guidelines

DOI: 10.31857/S0235009222010073

Cite: Rozhkova G. I., Gracheva M. A., Kazakova A. A. Otsenka ostroty zreniya. 2. teoreticheskie i klinicheskie trebovaniya k optotipam i dizainu tablits [An overview of the visual acuity assessment. 2. theoretical and clinical requirements to the optotypes and chart designs]. Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2022. V. 36(1). P. 3–29 (in Russian). doi: 10.31857/S0235009222010073

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