Volume 29 #2

Contents

1. Functional correction of impaired binocular vision: Benefits of using novel computer-aided systems
2. Why is it visible poorly when “It is poorly visible!”?
3. Adaptive features of the visual system of the largha seal Phoca largha to the ambivalent vision
4. The effect of ophthalmopathology on perception of Zollner and Poggendorff figures in schoolchildren
5. Interhemispheric asymmetry of the evoked responses to moving sound stimuli in humans
6. Influences of neuromodulatory centers on infraslow brain potential oscillations of primary cortical areas of sensory systems of the brain

The aim of our work was to study the Zollner and Poggendorff illusions in schoolchildren with ophthalmopathology. In total, 141 children of school age with various visual impairments were tested. They were divided into 3 groups depending on age and each group included children with low visual acuity (not more than 0.2) and good visual acuity (not less than 0.8). All subjects with a low vision had a congenital diseases of the optic nerve or the retina. Others subjects with ophthalmopathology had a refraction problems (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism), but they had a good vision acuity with optical correction (spectacles or contact lenses). Using a nulling method, we measured the misalignement components in the Zollner and Poggendorff illusions varying stimulus orientations. The estimates of both illusions in all groups of subjects were minimal (average 0.5±0.04o) at the horizontal and vertical stimuli orientations, having peaks (average 9.1±0.09o) at the oblique orientations. The severity of Zollner illusions in all subjects was greater than Poggendorff illusion. Meanwhile, both illusions were minimal in the senior pupils with a good visual acuity and maximal in the youngest schoolchildren with a low vision.

Key words: Poggendorff illusion, Zollner illusion, pupils, ophthalmopathology, age groups

References:

• Грегори Р.Л. Глаз и мозг. М.: Прогресс, 1970. 271 с.
• Грегори Р.Л. Разумный глаз: Пер. с англ. Изд. 2-е. М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2003. 240 с.
• Лурия А.Р. Об историческом развитии познавательных процессов. М.: Наука, 1974. 320 c.
• Медведев Л.Н., Кочнева К.С. Влияние предварительной установки на возникновение зрительной иллюзии Поггендорффа // Сенсорные системы. 2014. Т. 28. No 2. С. 33–38.
• Огнивов В.В. Геометрические зрительные иллюзии и константность восприятия размера у детей и взрослых // Автореф. дис. ... канд. биол. наук. М.: 2008. 26 с.
• Рожкова Г.И., Токарева В.С., Огнивов В.В., Бастаков В.А. Геометрические зрительные иллюзии и механизмы константности восприятия размера у детей // Сенсорные системы. 2005. Т. 19. No 1. С. 26–36.
• Рожкова Г.И., Матвеев С.Г. Зрение детей: проблемы оценки и функциональной коррекции. М.: Наука, 2007. 315 с.
• Рычкова С.И. Влияние офтальмопатологии на иллюзорное вращение неоднозначных фигур у школьников // Сенсорные системы. 2014. Т. 28. No 4. С. 68–74.
• Фрайман Е.А. Изменения зрительно-пространственного восприятия при стойких изменениях эмоционального состояния // Сенсорные системы. 2000. Т. 14. No 1. С. 88–93.
• Толанский С. Оптические иллюзии. М.: Мир, 1967. С. 63–77.
• Шошина И.И., Медведев Л.Н. Возрастные особенности пола и зрительной асимметрии на восприятие фигуры Поггендорффа // Сенсорные системы. 2005. Т. 19. No 1. С. 37–43.
• Albertazzi L., Pinna B. From grouping to visual meanings: a new theory of perceptual organization // Perception. 2008. V. 37. P. 123.
• Changizi M.A., Widders D.M. Latency correction explains the classical geometrical illusions // Perception. 2002. V. 31. P. 1241–1262.
• Deregowski J.B. Real space and represented space: Crosscultural perspectives // Behav. Brain Sci. 1989. V. 12. P. 51–119.
• Gillam B. A depth processing theory of the Poggendorff illusion // Percept. Psychophys. 1971. V. 10. P. 211– 215.
• Green E. The corner-Poggendorff // Perception. 1988. V. 17. P. 65–70.
• Fermuller C., Malm H. Uncertainty in visual process predicts geometricaloptical illusions // Vis. Res. 2004. V. 44. P. 727–749.
• Fischer B., da Pos O., Stürzel F. Illusory illusions: The significance of fixation on the perception of geometrical illusions // Perception. 2003. V. 32. P. 1001–1008.
• Howe C.Q., Yang Z., Purves D. The Poggendorff illusion explained by natural scene geometry // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2005. V. 102. P. 7707–7712.
• Judd C.H., Courten H.C. The Zollner illusion // Psychol. Monogr. 1905. V. 7. P. 112–139.
• Ninio J., O’Regan J.K. The half-Zollner illusion //Perception.1996. V. 25. P. 77–94.
• Ninio J., O’Regan J.K. Characterization of the misalignment and misangulation components in the Poggendorff and corner-Poggendorff illusion // Perception. 1999. V. 28. P. 949–964.
• Ninio J., Pinna B. Orthogonal expansion: a neglected factor in visual illusion // Psychologia. 2006. V. 49. P. 23–37.
• Ninio J. L’empreinte des sens. Fourth edition, Paris: Odile Jacob. 2011. 280 p.
• Philips D. The Poggendorff illusion: premeditated or unpremeditated misbehaviour? // Perception. 2006. V. 35. P. 1709–1712.
• Ritzl A., Marshall J.C., Weiss P.H., Zafiris O., Shah N.J., Zilles K., Fink G.R. Functional anatomy and different time courses of neural processing for explicit, inferred and illusiry contours. An event-related fMRI study // Neuroimage. 2003. V. 19. No 4. Р. 1567–1577.
• Schiller P., Wiener M. Binocular and Stereoscopic Viewing of Geometric Illusions // Percept. Motor Skills. 1962. V. 15. P. 739–747.