• 1990 (Том 4)
  • 1989 (Том 3)
  • 1988 (Том 2)
  • 1987 (Том 1)

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ АМБИВАЛЕНТНОГО (ВОДНО-ВОЗДУШНОГО) ЗРЕНИЯ У ВОДНЫХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ

© 2015 г. А. М. Масс

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН 119071 Москва, Ленинский просп.,33
alla-mass@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 01.06.2015 г.

Анатомия глаза у водных млекопитающих демонстрирует ряд приспособительных адаптаций к амбивалентному (водно-воздушному) зрению. Оптические структуры глаза обеспечивают подводную эмметропию, при этом отсутствует миопия в воздухе, несмотря на различие оптических свойств воздуха и воды и значительное различие освещенности в воздушной и водной средах. Сетчатка морских млекопитающих содержит в основном палочковые рецепторы, и лишь небольшое количество колбочек. Тем не менее такая комбинация рецепторов достаточна для рудиментарного цветового зрения. Характерная особенность сетчатки китообразных – большие размеры ганглиозных клеток, разделенных широкими межклеточными промежутками. Топографическое распределение ганглиозных клеток в сетчатке китообразных характеризуется наличием двух областей высокой концентрации клеток (зон наилучшего видения), локализованных в височном и назальном квадрантах. Ластоногие и другие морские млекопитающие имеют подобно наземным млекопитающим только одну такую область.

Ключевые слова: зрение, оптика глаза, сетчатка, водные млекопитающие

Цитирование для раздела "Список литературы": Масс А. М. Структурные и функциональные основы амбивалентного (водно-воздушного) зрения у водных млекопитающих. Сенсорные системы. 2015. Т. 29. № 4. С. 321-340.
Цитирование для раздела "References": Mass A. M. Strukturnye i funktsionalnye osnovy ambivalentnogo (vodno-vozdushnogo) zreniya u vodnykh mlekopitayushchikh [Structural and functional basis of ambivalent (aerial-aquatic) vision in aquatic mammals]. Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2015. V. 29(4). P. 321-340 (in Russian).

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