• 1990 (Том 4)
  • 1989 (Том 3)
  • 1988 (Том 2)
  • 1987 (Том 1)

Том 37 №4

Содержание

  1. РОЛЬ СЛУХОВОЙ ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗИ В КОНТРОЛЕ ГОЛОСА ПРИ НОРМАЛЬНОМ И СНИЖЕННОМ СЛУХЕ
  2. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЗВУКА ПО РАССТОЯНИЮ ПРИ ПАТОЛОГИИ СЛУХА
  3. СЛУХОВОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ПРИ КОХЛЕАРНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ
  4. РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЛАБИРИНТА ВНУТРЕННЕГО УХА
  5. ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПОЗНАВАНИЯ РЕЧЕВЫХ СИГНАЛОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОЛОСОВОЙ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ НАРУШЕНИЯХ СЛУХОРЕЧЕВОЙ ФУНКЦИИ
  6. ПСИХОАКУСТИЧЕСКОЕ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОЗРЕВАНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫХ ОТДЕЛОВ СЛУХОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ”
  7. ТРУДНОСТИ КОХЛЕАРНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ ПРИ ПОРОКАХ РАЗВИТИЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО УХА

РОЛЬ СЛУХОВОЙ ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗИ В КОНТРОЛЕ ГОЛОСА ПРИ НОРМАЛЬНОМ И СНИЖЕННОМ СЛУХЕ

© 2023 г. А. М. Луничкин, К. С. Штин

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук 194223 Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44, Россия
BolverkDC@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 04.09.2023 г.

Контроль голоса и речи осуществляется совместной работой прямой и обратной связей. Прямая связь отвечает за активацию выученной артикуляторной программы, в то время как обратная связь предоставляет акустическую и сенсомоторную информацию о выполнении высказывания. Их совместная работа по контролю речи описывается моделью DIVA, в основе которой лежит осуществляемая нервными центрами регуляция слуховой информации и проприорецептивных сигналов относительно артикуляторных программ. Несоответствие сенсорной информации, поступающей по обратной связи с представлением акустического сигнала в слуховой коре, вызывает корректирующие команды. У овладевающих речью детей слуховая обратная связь необходима для правильного освоения артикуляционных навыков, т.е. для формирования прямой связи. По этой причине прелингвально оглохшие взрослые характеризуются значительными нарушениями артикуляции ввиду несформированности артикуляторных навыков. При постлингвальной глухоте сформированная ранее прямая связь сохраняется, что позволяет успешно произносить фонемы. Однако у людей с сенсоневральной тугоухостью ухудшается контроль фонации и артикуляции по механизму слуховой обратной связи, что выражается в увеличении громкости голоса, изменении спектральных характеристик речи и нестабильности голоса по частоте и амплитуде. Похожие речевые изменения обнаруживаются у здоровых дикторов в присутствии шума, маскирующего собственный голос говорящего (эффект Ломбарда). Речь в шуме характеризуется ростом интенсивности голоса, смещения спектральных характеристик в высокочастотную область и гиперартикуляцией. Такая речевая реорганизация представляет собой адаптацию голоса диктора к фоновому шуму, целью которой являются демаскировка голоса и восстановление слуховой обратной связи.

Ключевые слова: слухоречевое взаимодействие, слуховая обратная связь, речь, голос, эффект Ломбарда, хроническая сенсоневральная тугоухость, модель DIVA

DOI: 10.31857/S0235009223040042  EDN: HLWQBD

Цитирование для раздела "Список литературы": Луничкин А. М., Штин К. С. Роль слуховой обратной связи в контроле голоса при нормальном и сниженном слухе. Сенсорные системы. 2023. Т. 37. № 4. С. 285–300. doi: 10.31857/S0235009223040042
Цитирование для раздела "References": Lunichkinа A. M., Shtin K. S. Rol slukhovoi obratnoi svyazi v kontrole golosa pri normalnom i snizhennom slukhe [Тhe role of auditory feedback in voice control with normal and impaired hearing ]. Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2023. V. 37(4). P. 285–300 (in Russian). doi: 10.31857/S0235009223040042

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