• 1990 (Том 4)
  • 1989 (Том 3)
  • 1988 (Том 2)
  • 1987 (Том 1)

Том 35 №3

Содержание

  1. ОЦЕНКА ОСТРОТЫ ЗРЕНИЯ. 1. ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ МЕРЫ
  2. КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ БИНОКУЛЯРНОЙ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
  3. ОКУЛОМОТОРНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИ РЕШЕНИИ ЗРИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОГНИТИВНЫХ ЗАДАЧ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
  4. РАЗЛИЧЕНИЕ ЗВУКОВЫХ СИГНАЛОВ С ГРЕБЕНЧАТЫМИ СПЕКТРАМИ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИГНАЛОВ
  5. РОЛЬ ПРОЕКТИВНЫХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЙ В НОРМАЛИЗАЦИИ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ

ОЦЕНКА ОСТРОТЫ ЗРЕНИЯ. 1. ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ МЕРЫ

© 2021 г. Г. И. Рожкова1, M. A. Грачева1, Г. В. Парамей2

1Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича РАН, 127051 Москва, Б. Каретный пер, 19/1, Россия
gir@iitp.ru
2Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, L16 9JD Liverpool, UK

Поступила в редакцию 17.03.2021 г.

В статье приведены краткий обзор и анализ различных подходов к оценке остроты зрения (ОЗ), имеющий целью прояснить причины отсутствия среди специалистов однозначного мнения по поводу существующих способов представления ОЗ, их достоинств и недостатков. С течением времени количество методов и процедур, предложенных для оценки ОЗ, нарастало, они становились разнообразнее, увеличивалась их сложность. Такое разностороннее совершенствование шло параллельно с увеличением числа профессионалов, которые оценивали ОЗ в разных целях, что привело к определенному расхождению взглядов на интерпретацию результатов измерений и к введению разных систем их обозначения. Однако сейчас наличие консенсуса между специалистами становится критичным, поскольку многие проекты предусматривают совместную работу профессионалов из разных учреждений и требуют международного сотрудничества. В поисках общего основания для консенсуса и унификации терминологии логично начать с рассмотрения сути оценки ОЗ и причин значительного разнообразия современных точек зрения на решение этой задачи на практике. Обзор существующих подходов к оценке ОЗ показывает, что имеется только одна первичная мера ОЗ, которую можно получить непосредственным измерением и выразить в основных единицах пространственных метрик – минимальный угол разрешения (MAR, αm, – minimum angle of resolution), определяемый минимальным угловым расстоянием, необходимым, чтобы две точки воспринимались раздельно. Имеется еще одна мера – критическая пространственная частота (Fc), – которую можно оценить непосредственно, вместо MAR, если использовать набор тестовых решеток разной пространственной частоты и определить максимальную (критическую) воспринимаемую частоту, при превышении которой полосы решетки уже не различаются. Все остальные меры остроты зрения резонно считать вторичными, производными, поскольку они вычисляются как функции αm. Введение дроби Снеллена, десятичных единиц, logMAR, VE (visual efficiency), VAR (visual acuity rating) и других мер было связано с потребностью иметь для ОЗ альтернативные представления, более удобные и понятные, чем αm, для специалистов, имеющих дело с оценкой ОЗ на практике и использующих получаемые данные для разных целей – скрининга, мониторинга, диагностики, реабилитации, установления инвалидности, статистических оценок, разработки новых тестов и др. В связи с существенным различием требований и критериев у разных специалистов, по-видимому, невозможно найти для ОЗ представление, оптимальное со всех точек зрения, равно как и наилучший единый практический метод оценки ОЗ – “золотых” стандартов и методов не существует.

Ключевые слова: зрение человека, острота зрения, шкалирование, MAR, дробь Снеллена, десятичные единицы, logMAR, VAR

DOI: 10.31857/S0235009221030033

Цитирование для раздела "Список литературы": Rozhkova G. I., Gracheva M. A., Paramei G. V. An overview of the visual acuity assessment. 1. primary measures and various notations. Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2021. V. 35(3). P. 179–198. doi: 10.31857/S0235009221030033
Цитирование для раздела "References": Rozhkova G. I., Gracheva M. A., Paramei G. V. An overview of the visual acuity assessment. 1. primary measures and various notations. Sensornye sistemy [Sensory systems]. 2021. V. 35(3). P. 179–198 . doi: 10.31857/S0235009221030033

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